(4) 独立成分

　　有些非谓语动词的使用不受与句子主语关系的限制，称为独立成分，这类成 分只记忆即可。如:

　　generally speaking, judging from..., to tell the truth..., 等。

　　5) 做补足语的非谓语动词的选择

　　做宾语补足语的非谓语动词受谓语动词的限制，不同动词后的宾语补足语形式要求不同。近几年对各类宾补都有考查。如：

　　① They are going to have the service man ____ an electric fan in the office tomorrow.(1998.1)

　　A. install B. to install C. to be installed D. installed

　　② After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory

　　dispute ______.(1998.6)

　　A. being settled B. to be settled C. had settled D. as settled

　　③ You will see this product ____ wherever you go.(2000.6)

　　A. to be advertised B. advertised C. advertise D. advertising

　　④ His remarks left me _____ about his real purpose.(1999.6)

　　A. wondered B. wonder C. to wonder D. wondering

　　⑤ When I caught him ______ me I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.(1997.1)

　　A. cheating B. cheat C. to cheat D. to be cheating

　　⑥ The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the

　　audience _____ on benches, chairs or boxes.(2000.1)

　　A. having seated B. seating C. seated D. having been seated

　　考查涉及到

　　感官动词后的宾语补足语，如③。

　　have, make, let, leave等特殊单词后的宾语补足语。

　　regard类后面的宾语补足语

　　with独立分句后面的

　　常用动词后面的宾语补足语。

　　6) 做表语的非谓语动词的选择

　　表语的考查多侧重于分词做表语形式的选择，很少有动名词的用法的考查，虽然选项中有不定式作为干扰项，只要能看出是做表语的也就不用考虑。如：

　　① The house was very quiet, ____ as it was on the side of the

　　mountain.(1999.6)

　　A. isolated B. isolating C. being isolated D. having been isolated

　　② These surveys indicate that many crimes go _____ by the police,mainly because not all victims report them.(2000.6)

　　A. unrecorded B. to be unrecorded C. unrecording D. to have been unrecorded

　　分词做表语可以做系动词be的表语，也可以做其它系动词的表语，如go, feel,seem, look, remain等等。这些系动词后非谓语动词的饿用法规则是相同的。

　　7) to作为介词与作为不定式符号的选择

　　to可以是介词，也可以用来引导不定式，四级考试中对种类用法的考查也比较多。如：

　　① I have no objection _______ your story again.(2000.6)

　　A. to hear B. to hearing C. to having heard D. to have heard

　　② The traditional approach ____ with complex problems is to break down into smaller, more easily managed problems.(1996.6)

　　A. to dealing B. in dealing C. dealing D. to deal

　　③ The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager

　　of the company.(1997.6)

　　A. have told B. be told C. being told D. having told

　　这类考题的考查方式有两种，一是四个选项中有两个相对的选项to do something 和 to doing something，这时考查的自然是to的性质;另一种是to在题干中，如③。

　　8) 分词前连词的使用

　　分词前连词的使用是为了使分词的作用更加明了，使考生更加准确地理解试题。考查有两种情况

　　(1)根据连词选择适当的分词形式

　　Michael used to look hurt and surprised when ______.(1995.1)

　　A. scolding B. to scold C. having scolded D. scolded

　　when的使用说明非谓语动词做时间状语，答案不可能是B，从scold与句子主语间的逻辑关系来看，应该是动宾关系，答案应该是D。

　　(2)根据状语的功能选择不同的连词

　　Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of

　　patient do not take drugs ___ directed.(1996.1)

　　A. like B. so C. which D. as

　　由上下文的意思可以看出，分词所做的是方式状语，连词应该是as。