2014年大学英语四级考试辅导之语法指导(2)
2014-01-10 11:43:15 | 编辑:环球博海四六级  来自:网站编辑整理 
导读:句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的主语发出动作,则使用现在分词;如果动作不是由句子的主语发出,则使用过去分词。

  学习语法,首先要明白什么是主谓宾定状补,什么是系动词,什么是直接宾语,间接宾语,这些是学习语法的基础,掌握英语语法技巧会达到事半功倍的效果。环球博海四级小编特整理了2014年大学英语四级考试辅导之语法指导(2),供同学们学习!

  短语部分没有独立主语,则短语结构称为非谓语动词。

  非谓语动词的结构:分词(分词短语)

  句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的主语发出动作,则使用现在分词;如果动作不是由句子的主语发出,则使用过去分词。

  1.No matter how frequently _A_, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.

  A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed

  perform vt. 表演,演出,演奏;

  to be performed 将要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;

  一些特殊的动词:

  第一点:forget 忘记; [反义] remember 记得;

  这两个词后加动词不定式表示将要进行的行为;这两个词后加动词ing形式表示已经做过的事情。

  注意:动名词与现在分词形式一样,但含义不同。这两个词后加动词ing形式都是动名词。

  forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事;

  remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 记得做过某事;

  2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.

  A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him

  offer vt. 提出,提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.

  him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正确。

  动名词的复合结构:凡是一个动词的后面可以加动名词,就可以加动名词的复合结构。

  动作发出者 + 动名词;当动作发出者名字给出时:名词所有格 + 动名词;当动名词的复合结构在文章中出现,且动作发出者在前文中提过时:形容词物主代词(宾格)+ 动名词。

  形容词物主代词:his, her, my, your, their, our。代词宾格:him, her, me, you, us, them。

  第二点:want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客观需要或缺乏。

  例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.

  A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut

  1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.

  A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected

  watch 看电视用,看比赛用; see 看电影用;

  感官动词watch, see, hear; 感官动词 + 名词(代词)+ do

  be erected 强调的是动作的结果; being erected 强调的是动作的过程。

  2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.

  A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

  give up 放弃; give in 屈服,让步; give off 释放,放出(烟和气体);

  give away 泄露,走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程;赠送礼品。

  3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.

  A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

  keep sb. + 分词; inform v. 通知,告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情

  keep me informed 使我被告知。

  4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

  A after which B for which C with which D at which

  fight with sb. (注意要看整个句子); fight with + 工具 用该工具来打仗。 fight for 为…而战。

  I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩对付她。

  5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.

  A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward

  in spite of 尽管; carry on 坚持,继续。

  注意:want doing 中doing表示的是被动含义。

  例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.

  A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned

  第三点:mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事,意欲… ;mean doing 意味着,…的意思是…

  例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]

  A making B to make C to have made D having made

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